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docker安装

[toc]

快速安装

# 阿里云yum源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

yum -y install docker-ce

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker  

# 配置完成后重启docker
systemctl restart docker

配置docker镜像加速​

{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://0vmzj3q6.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
        "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://mirror.baidubce.com",
        "https://dockerproxy.com",
        "https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn",
        "https://huecker.io",
        "https://dockerhub.timeweb.cloud",
        "https://noohub.ru",
        "https://vlgh0kqj.mirror.aliyuncs.com"
    ]
}

docker安装

docker官方安装文档

包管理器安装​

yum​

下载yum源​

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装docker​

yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

启动docker​

systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

查看docker版本​

$ docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           29.1.2
 API version:       1.52
 Go version:        go1.25.5
 Git commit:        890dcca
 Built:             Tue Dec  2 21:55:19 2025
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          29.1.2
  API version:      1.52 (minimum version 1.44)
  Go version:       go1.25.5
  Git commit:       de45c2a
  Built:            Tue Dec  2 21:55:19 2025
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          v2.2.0
  GitCommit:        1c4457e00facac03ce1d75f7b6777a7a851e5c41
 runc:
  Version:          1.3.4
  GitCommit:        v1.3.4-0-gd6d73eb8
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

二进制安装docker​

docker二进制包下载地址

下载docker二进制包​

export DOCKER_VERSION=29.2.1
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-${DOCKER_VERSION}.tgz

解压缩包​

tar xf docker-${DOCKER_VERSION}.tgz -C /usr/local/

导出环境变量​

说明

如果后续想要使用systemd管理docker，最好把docker二进制包中的所有文件拷贝到 /usr/bin ，否则会管理失败

cp /usr/local/docker/* /usr/bin

使用systemd管理docker​

Control Docker with systemd 官方文档关于使用systemd管理docker的说明

如果你是使用二进制方式安装的 docker，那么你也许需要整合 docker 到 systemd 中去。为了完成这个任务，你需要安装两个单元文件（service 和 socket）到 /etc/systemd/system 中去

说明

Manually create the systemd unit files

When installing the binary without a package, you may want to integrate Docker with systemd. For this, install the two unit files (service and socket) from the github repository to /etc/systemd/system.

需要下载的是 docker.service.rpm 和 docker.socket 这两个文件，需要把 docker.service.rpm 重命名为 docker.service ，然后再移动到 /etc/systemd/system下

wget https://github.com/moby/moby/raw/branch/branch/master/contrib/init/systemd/docker.service.rpm
wget https://github.com/moby/moby/raw/branch/branch/master/contrib/init/systemd/docker.socket

这里我们直接向文件写入内容

  • docker.service
cat > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
#TasksMax=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes
# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
  • docker.socket
cat >/etc/systemd/system/docker.socket<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Socket for the API

[Socket]
# If /var/run is not implemented as a symlink to /run, you may need to
# specify ListenStream=/var/run/docker.sock instead.
ListenStream=/run/docker.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF

linux中 /etc/systemd/system 和 /usr/lib/systemd/system 的区别

每一个 Unit（服务等） 都有一个配置文件，告诉 Systemd 怎么启动这个 Unit 。 Systemd 默认从目录 /etc/systemd/system/ 读取配置文件。 但是，里面存放的大部分文件都是符号链接，指向目录 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ ，真正的配置文件存放在那个目录。 systemctl enable 命令用于在上面两个目录之间，建立符号链接关系。

说明

执行 sudo systemctl enable clamd@scan.service 等同于

sudo ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/clamd@scan.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/clamd@scan.service'

重新加载服务并启动docker​

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

补充点​

说明

二进制安装的dcoker默认是没有命令补全的，需要从yum安装的机器上拷贝 /usr/share/bash-completion/completions 下名为 docker 的文件并且移动到 /usr/share/bash-completion/completions

加载文件生效

source /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/docker
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