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ubuntu22.04使用记录

配置网络​

禁用cloud-init​

cloud-init 是用于跨平台云实例初始化的行业标准多分配方法

/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml 默认配置如下，其中的ip地址相关信息是在安装系统的时候指定的

# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        enp0s5:
            addresses:
            - 192.168.2.100/24
            nameservers:
                addresses:
                - 223.5.5.5
                - 114.114.114.114
                search: []
            routes:
            -   to: default
                via: 192.168.2.1
    version: 2

文件中注释处也有说明，如果想要禁用 cloud-init 需要在 /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg 文件中写入内容 network: {config: disabled}

echo 'network: {config: disabled}' >> /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg

配置静态ip​

ubuntu网络配置官方文档

可以参考官方 静态ip配置 文档

说明

ubuntu网络配置需要在 /etc/netplan 目录下编辑 *.yaml 文件作为网络配置文件

注意修改 ethernets 的网卡名称，这里为 eth0 ，ubuntu默认名称一般为 enp*

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    eth0:
      addresses:
        - 10.10.10.2/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
          search: [mydomain, otherdomain]
          addresses: [10.10.10.1, 1.1.1.1]

应用网络配置​

ubuntu使用 netplan 管理网络

执行 netplan apply 有警告​

WARNING:root:Cannot call Open vSwitch: ovsdb-server.service is not running.

解决方法

安装 Open vSwitch（包含 ovsdb-server）

ovsdb-server 是 Open vSwitch 的一个组件，因此你需要安装 Open vSwitch 来获取它。

首先，更新你的包列表并安装 Open vSwitch：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openvswitch-switch

安装后，你可以检查 ovsdb-server 服务的状态：

sudo systemctl status ovsdb-server

启动并启用 ovsdb-server 服务

说明

安装后，你可以启动 ovsdb-server 服务，并确保它在系统启动时自动启动

sudo systemctl start ovsdb-server
sudo systemctl enable ovsdb-server

确认 ovsdb-server 是否运行

说明

ovsdb-server 运行成功后，在执行 netplan apply 就不会有警告了

sudo systemctl status ovsdb-server

检查 Open vSwitch 配置

你可以使用以下命令检查 Open vSwitch 配置，这将显示 Open vSwitch 的当前配置，确认 ovsdb-server 已正确运行

sudo ovs-vsctl show

配置国内安装源​

备份文件

cp /etc/apt/sources.list{,bak}

替换默认源

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list < EOF
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

arm架构下执行 apt update 报错404

说明

原因是机器的cpu是arm架构，默认匹配都是x86架构处理器的软件包，用错源自然找不到所需的包裹信息，报404错误

解决方法是将源中 ubuntu 全部替换为为 ubuntu-ports 即可

Err:57 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main arm64 Packages     
  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
Ign:58 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/restricted arm64 Packages
Ign:59 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/universe arm64 Packages 
Ign:60 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/multiverse arm64 Packages
Err:61 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/main arm64 Packages   
  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
Ign:62 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu jammy-backports/universe arm64 Packages
Reading package lists... Done                                                  
E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy/main/binary-arm64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-security/main/binary-arm64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-updates/main/binary-arm64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
E: Failed to fetch https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/jammy-backports/main/binary-arm64/Packages  404  Not Found [IP: 211.100.18.47 443]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

禁用防火墙​

sudo ufw disable

修改时区/时间​

修改时区​

查看时区

$ timedatectl
               Local time: Thu 2025-03-13 03:19:45 UTC
           Universal time: Thu 2025-03-13 03:19:45 UTC
                 RTC time: Thu 2025-03-13 03:19:45
                Time zone: Etc/UTC (UTC, +0000)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

列出可用时区

timedatectl list-timezones

设置时区

sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

验证修改

$ timedatectl
               Local time: Thu 2025-03-13 11:23:50 CST
           Universal time: Thu 2025-03-13 03:23:50 UTC
                 RTC time: Thu 2025-03-13 03:23:49
                Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yes
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

修改时间​

ubuntu22.04默认是12小时制

$ date
Thu Mar 13 03:09:43 AM UTC 2025

编辑 /etc/default/locale ，增加如下内容

LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8

使配置生效

sudo locale-gen
sudo update-locale

验证

$ date
Thu Mar 13 11:27:05 AM CST 2025

设置历史命令显示时间​

编辑内容并使配置生效

cat >> ~/.bashrc << EOF
export HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T '
EOF

source ~/.bashrc

输出示例

$ history 
    1  2025-03-13 11:09:38 ping baidu.com
    2  2025-03-13 11:09:38 cd /etc/netplan/
    3  2025-03-13 11:09:38 ls

修改默认编辑器​

ubuntu默认编辑器是 nano ，例如执行 visudo 的时候就是使用nano打开的，但是用不习惯，使用如下命令修改为 vim

export EDITOR=vim
export VISUAL=vim

配置 sudo su - 不需要密码​

在ubuntu22.04 /etc/sudoers 中进行如下配置是不生效的

youruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

如下配置是生效的

echo "youruser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/su -" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/youruser
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